Register
Using the right register shows the examiner that you can adapt your French to the situation.
Go to the 12 exercisesTu or vous?
- Use tu with friends, family, children and people your age in a relaxed context.
- Use vous with strangers, clients, teachers, officials, your manager and anyone you do not know well.
- Vous is also the plural of both.
- When in doubt, choose vous: it is never rude.
- A common mistake is to mix tu and vous in the same text.
- Choose one form and keep it until the end.
Examples
Tu viens au cinéma avec nous ce soir ?
Are you coming to the cinema with us tonight?
Vous pouvez remplir ce formulaire, Madame.
You can fill in this form, Madam.
Excusez-moi, vous avez l'heure, s'il vous plaît ?
Excuse me, do you have the time, please?
Les enfants, vous êtes prêts ?
Children, are you ready?
Informal letters and messages
- For a friend or a relative, start with Salut, Coucou or Cher ami / Chère amie, and use tu.
- Natural closings are À bientôt, À plus, Bises, Grosses bises or Amicalement.
- You may use short sentences and exclamations.
- However, in a written exam, avoid text-message abbreviations and slang.
- Keep a friendly but correct style, with complete sentences and good punctuation.
Examples
Salut ! Ça fait longtemps que je n'ai pas de tes nouvelles.
Hi! It has been a long time since I heard from you.
Merci pour ton invitation, je suis ravi de venir !
Thanks for your invitation, I am delighted to come!
J'ai hâte de te voir ce week-end.
I cannot wait to see you this weekend.
À bientôt et grosses bises !
See you soon and lots of love!
Formal letters and e-mails to an administration
- Begin with Madame, Monsieur when you do not know the name, or Madame la Directrice if you know the title.
- Say why you write: Je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de...
- Close with a full formula: Je vous prie d'agréer, Madame, Monsieur, mes salutations distinguées, or the shorter Cordialement.
- Avoid Salut, contractions like j'veux and exclamation marks.
- Always use vous and give your reference, date and request clearly.
Examples
Madame, Monsieur, je vous écris au sujet de ma demande de visa.
Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing about my visa application.
Je vous remercie de bien vouloir me répondre rapidement.
Thank you for kindly answering me quickly.
Je reste à votre disposition pour tout renseignement complémentaire.
I remain at your disposal for any further information.
Je vous prie d'agréer, Madame, Monsieur, mes salutations distinguées.
Yours faithfully.
Polite requests
- To ask politely, use the conditional: je voudrais, je souhaiterais, pourriez-vous, auriez-vous la possibilité de.
- Add s'il vous plaît or je vous remercie d'avance.
- Je veux is too direct and sounds like an order, and the imperative alone is too strong with a stranger.
- With friends, you can say tu peux... ? or ça te dérange si... ?
- A frequent mistake is to forget the conditional ending in -rais.
Examples
Je voudrais des renseignements sur les horaires.
I would like some information about the timetable.
Pourriez-vous m'envoyer le formulaire par courriel ?
Could you send me the form by e-mail?
Auriez-vous la possibilité de reporter le rendez-vous ?
Would you be able to postpone the appointment?
Tu peux me prêter ton stylo, s'il te plaît ?
Can you lend me your pen, please?
Spoken versus written French
- In everyday speech, people often drop ne (je sais pas), shorten words (t'as, chuis) and use on instead of nous (on part demain).
- Written French and formal speech keep ne ... pas and prefer nous: nous partons demain.
- Questions also change: spoken tu viens ? or est-ce que tu viens ? against written viens-tu ?
- Learners often copy spoken French in formal texts.
- In exam writing, use complete negations and avoid slang.
Examples
Je ne sais pas où se trouve la gare.
I do not know where the station is.
Je sais pas, moi, on verra demain.
I do not know, we will see tomorrow.
Nous avons bien reçu votre demande.
We have received your request.
On a bien reçu ta demande, merci !
We got your request, thanks!
Register in the TCF and TEF tasks
- Always read the instruction to see who the reader is.
- In TCF Tâche 1 (interview) the examiner is a stranger, so use vous.
- In Tâche 2 and 3 the role-play or the opinion may be with a friend or with an official: follow the situation.
- In the TEF, a letter to a newspaper or to an administration is formal, while a message to a friend is informal.
- Never change register in the middle of your answer.
Examples
Bonjour, je souhaiterais avoir des renseignements sur votre stage.
Hello, I would like some information about your course.
Salut, je t'écris pour te proposer une sortie samedi.
Hi, I am writing to suggest an outing on Saturday.
Je vous écris pour vous faire part de mon opinion sur cet article.
I am writing to give you my opinion on this article.
Je suis ravi de répondre à vos questions.
I am delighted to answer your questions.
Ready to test yourself?
Start the 12 exercises